Colostrum Peptides: A Personal Journey and Clinical Insights

Colostrum Peptides: A Personal Journey and Clinical Insights

by | May 3, 2024 | Immune Health, Naturopathic Medicine

Peptides have dominated conversations over the past year, with collagen peptides and semaglutide taking center stage. It seems like everyone is incorporating some type of peptide into their wellness routine, whether it's for bone, hair, skin, nails, or weight loss support. Peptides, small molecules formed by linking amino acids through peptide bonds, are essential components of life processes due to their diverse sequences and structures. They serve a multitude of functions in the body, acting as signaling molecules, enzymes, or structural elements.

My Colostrum Connection

Among the myriad peptide-rich supplements available, colostrum holds a special place for me. Recently, many patients have approached me about colostrum supplementation, often after encountering it through social media marketing. However, my connection with colostrum runs deep, predating its current popularity. Back in 2010, during my residency after graduating from naturopathic medical school, I faced a challenging health issue—severe hives without a clear cause. Despite trying conventional and naturopathic treatments, relief remained elusive until a mentor suggested colostrum.

Peptides in Health

This recommendation stemmed from the mentor's professional background in pharmaceuticals and her awareness of colostrum's rich content of immunoglobulins. She proposed that these antibodies in colostrum could bind to the antibodies involved in the hives, helping to modulate the immune response. After several months of discomfort, colostrum emerged as the solution that finally calmed my immune system. Eventually, I identified the cause of my hives – the prickly plants in my garden.

From Challenge to Solution

This experience not only highlighted colostrum's efficacy but also taught me valuable lessons about immune health. Even with colostrum, it took about three weeks for my hives to fully clear, emphasizing the complexity of immune responses. This personal encounter with colostrum's wonders and its various peptides solidified its value as a clinical tool in my practice. Today, I continue to appreciate its benefits in supporting immune function and overall well-being.

Here's a fun fact: Colostrum shares many similarities across species! From humans to cows to elephants, this special milk contains essential components like immunoglobulins and growth factors, tailored to give newborns a healthy kickstart in life. Most of us are aware of the immune protective properties that human colostrum confers to nursing babies. However, you may not know that there are many different peptides in colostrum that contribute to its immunological, tissue healing, nutritional, and even pain relieving properties! 

Research Highlights on Colostrum Components: 

  1. Immunoglobulin-Derived Peptides:
  • Benefits: Immunoglobulin-derived peptides like lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase found in colostrum provide immune-boosting effects. They combat microbes, reduce inflammation, and act as antioxidants, enhancing overall immune function and preventing infections. (Playford et al., 2000; Ochoa et al., 2007) 
  1. Lactoferrin:
  • Benefits: Lactoferrin, renowned for its antimicrobial properties, also aids in modulating the immune response. It exhibits antiviral and antibacterial effects while fostering gut health through the promotion of beneficial bacteria growth. (Ellison et al., 1988; Telang, 2018) 
  1. Peptide-rich Fractions (PRFs):
  • Benefits: PRFs in colostrum offer various health benefits. They possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, aiding in tissue repair and bolstering overall well-being. (Korhonen et al., 2000; Ulfman et al., 2005) 
  1. Proline-Rich Polypeptides (PRPs):
  • Benefits: PRPs regulate the immune system, promoting a balanced response. They are particularly beneficial for individuals with autoimmune conditions. (Burgos et al., 2019) 
  1. Growth Factors:
  • Benefits: Colostrum contains growth factors like IGF-1, TGF, and EGF, which facilitate cell growth, tissue repair, and development. These factors contribute to gut health, skin regeneration, and injury recovery. (Playford et al., 2021) 
  1. Opioid-derived Peptides:
  • Benefits: Opioid-derived peptides such as beta-casomorphins in colostrum have analgesic properties. They interact with opioid receptors, potentially alleviating pain. (Chung et al., 2015) 

Clinical Applications of Colostrum

My preferred clinical applications of colostrum include its role as an immune modulator, making it suitable for individuals dealing with allergies and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, its tissue healing properties make it beneficial for those in need of gut healing support. Considering its immune-protective properties, I also see potential for its use in providing general immune support and defense against colds and viruses. However, I tend to favor non-animal derived products like botanicals and probiotics for immune support, for their sustainability and humane qualities. Furthermore, I appreciate that colostrum is generally well tolerated, except for rare cases of sensitivity or allergy. Its mild taste also makes it easy to mix into beverages, making it a convenient option for children. For extra immune support, I occasionally add it to my son’s smoothies. A pro tip: when using colostrum in smoothies, it's best to mix rather than blend to preserve the beneficial peptides.

Concluding Thoughts: Blending Personal Experience with Clinical Insights

In conclusion, as we explore peptides and colostrum, personal experiences blend with clinical insights, enriching understanding of wellness and guiding better health outcomes. While research highlights the potential health benefits of colostrum peptides, it's crucial to recognize the variability of individual responses and the diversity in supplement quality and composition. Therefore, consulting with a healthcare professional before integrating colostrum or any supplements into your regimen is prudent, particularly if you have specific health considerations or conditions. From facing health obstacles to uncovering solutions that work, these insights add depth to our understanding of wellness and guide us towards better health outcomes.

Interested in further exploring the benefits of colostrum peptides in your health journey? Connect with Dr. Sarah at Collective Health Center. With her extensive expertise in naturopathic medicine and acupuncture, Dr. Sarah provides personalized insights and guidance to enhance your well-being through holistic approaches. She offers both virtual and in-person consultations at her clinic in Leesburg, Virginia.

 

References:

  1. Playford, R. J., Macdonald, C. E., & Johnson, W. S. (2000). Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(1), 5-14.
  2. Ochoa, T. J., Chea-Woo, E., Campos, M., Pecho, I., Prada, A., & McMahon, R. J. (2007). Impact of lactoferrin supplementation on growth and prevalence of Giardia colonization in children. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44(2), 241-253.
  3. Ellison, R. T., Giehl, T. J., & LaForce, F. M. (1988). Damage of the outer membrane of enteric gram-negative bacteria by lactoferrin and transferring. Infection and Immunity, 56(11), 2774-2781.
  4. Telang, S. (2018). Lactoferrin: A critical player in neonatal host defense. Nutrients, 10(9), 1228.
  5. Korhonen, H., Marnila, P., & Gill, H. S. (2000). Bovine milk antibodies for health. British Journal of Nutrition, 84(S1), S135-S146.
  6. Ulfman, L. H., Leusen, J. H., Savelkoul, H. F., Warner, J. O., van Neerven, R. J., & van Ieperen-van Dijk, A. G. (2005). Effects of bovine immunoglobulins on immune function, allergy, and infection. Frontiers in Bioscience, 10(1-3), 2355-2363.
  7. Playford, R. J., & Weiser, M. J. (2021). Bovine Colostrum: Its Constituents and Uses. Nutrients, 13(1), 265.
  8. Prosser, C., Stelwagen, K., Cummins, R., Guerin, P., & Gill, N. (2006). Milking efficiency and milk quality of extensively managed, late lactation primiparous ewes milked once daily. Small Ruminant Research, 63(1-2), 146-153.
  9. Marchbank, T., Davison, G., Oakes, J. R., Ghatei, M. A., Patterson, M., Moyer, M. P., & Playford, R. J. (2011). The nutriceutical bovine colostrum truncates the increase in gut permeability caused by heavy exercise in athletes. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 300(3), G477-G484.

Contact Us!

3 + 5 =

Contact Us!

1 + 11 =

From Snoring to Silence: A Parent’s Exploration of Innovative Pediatric Sleep Apnea Solutions

From Snoring to Silence: A Parent’s Exploration of Innovative Pediatric Sleep Apnea Solutions

by | Nov 23, 2023 | Children's Health, Naturopathic Medicine, Respiratory Health

Introduction to Vincent James' Health Journey 

We often have the most learning when it comes from our personal experiences and such is the case of my recent health journey with my son, Vincent James. He has struggled with snoring since infancy and in the past year with some focus and attention issues, that lead me to pursue a sleep study for him, which confirmed mild sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is known to be a factor in systemic health including neurobehavioral issues, which only makes sense sleep is so important for rejuvenation our body and mind. We were recommended by his ear-nose and throat doctor to do a 3-month trial with a nasal steroid, fluticasone (aka Flonase) and montelukast (aka Singular) and advised of the possible side-effects and additionally advised to seek consult with an allergist and if no improvements in 3 months to follow for a surgical consult to remove his adenoids and tonsils.

For children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) featuring adenoid and tonsillar enlargement (ie adenotonsillar hyperplasia) and no surgical contraindications, the primary recommendation is adenotonsillectomy—a surgical procedure to remove enlarged adenoids and tonsils. This stands as the frontline treatment for OSA, as per the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP 2012), despite only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) confirming its benefits over watchful waiting (4). Given the research findings of the past several years, it is bananas to me that surgery in mild cases like my sons, is still being recommended when there are other, less invasive, relatively safer, and extremely effective options that could be trialed first!

Conventional Recommendations and Skepticism 

This common journey I navigate so often with my patients, I now found myself in as a parent. The main cause of disordered breathing, including sleep apnea, is enlarged adenoids which sit behind the nasal cavity in the back roof of the mouth and enlarged tonsils which are in the back of the mouth on both sides of the throat. These swollen tissues are blocking the flow of air toward the lungs causing snoring. In medicine, but especially in naturopathic medicine, we are always considering what the root causes of an issue are so that we can endeavor to correct this, using least invasive methods as a first line approach whenever possible. This is what draws many of my patients to me as a naturopathic doctor, they are seeking solutions that will address the underlying root causes of their health concern. As a parent, I was also wanting the same approach for my son, and like many patients rightly skeptical of the first line of conventional treatment offered to my him, given that neither medication typically offers lasting improvements after being discontinued and both have concerning side-effect risks with long-term use. I took off my parent hat for a moment and considered how I might be able to help better from a naturopathic approach. My first course of action was to review all possible triggers for his enlarged adenoids. 

Root Causes of Enlarged Adenoids: A Naturopathic Perspective 

  1. Bacterial biofilms. Yes, ALL of our mucosal tissues, including adenoids and tonsils carry bacteria and just like the bacteria in our guts, the bacteria in these tissues can become overgrown and coated in an unfavorable bacteria profile known as biofilms that are associated with more severe inflammation and irritation. Yes, we can develop dysbiosis of our adenoids and tonsils and this will drive chronic sinus congestion as well. While not commonly considered (yet) conventionally, my hunch was that for a variety of reasons, not limited to social exposures and diet, this was a main cause for Vincent James. As a 2021 study is so aptly titled puts it, When a Neonate is Born, So Is a Microbiota. Seeding of bacteria that is vital for the health of mucosal immune tissues starts at birth and the timing of Vincent James’ snoring since infancy and other issues on my end (ie group B vaginal strep colonization) pointed me towards bacterial biofilms as a likely factor. We do have new fancy PCR DNA nasal swab tests that can help to explore this issue, which we did not pursue, mainly because any findings most likely would not have changed the ultimate approach which we came to.
  2. Infections. Of course, frequent or chronic infections, such as bacterial or viral infections, can lead to inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids and tonsils. Common infections include streptococcal bacteria (strep throat) and viruses like the Epstein-Barr virus. Vincent James had one episode of strep throat this past spring, but his snoring proceeded this, but I am certain that this episode did contribute to even more inflammation, as his snoring worsened after this.
  3. Allergies: Allergic reactions to environmental factors like pollen, dust, or pet dander can cause chronic inflammation in the adenoids and tonsils, leading to enlargement. After months of waiting to get into see the allergist, yesterday, Vincent James had labs drawn for respiratory allergies and we are awaiting the results to see if this might be a factor. He outgrew a few food allergies to dairy and stone fruits, so he no longer has any obvious immediate response allergies to these or any other foods, but could still have food sensitivities with delayed immune response as a contributing factor to inflammation. His allergist did recommend an elimination-challenge diet, which is the gold standard for identifying food sensitives and we will proceed with this during winter break. I have supported many patients with elimination-challenge diets, so while never a fun process, I am sure it will be informative. 
  4. Environmental Factors: Exposure to pollution and other environmental pollutants may contribute to chronic irritation and inflammation of the adenoids and tonsils. Vincent James (as well as myself) had a significant exposure to mold, which I may need to write another whole blog on. Needless to say, I was glad for the knowledge I have from supporting many patients in their recovery from toxic mold exposure and/ or mold illness.

Other possible causes of enlarged adenoids and tonsils, which were NOT a concern for Vincent James include: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Genetic Predisposition, Passive Smoke Exposure, Immune System Issues, Obesity.

Literature Dive: 'Protecting the Gates'

Having considered all the possible causes for my bambino, as I do for many of my patients, I dove into the literature. One concept I discuss with my patients is ‘protecting the gates’ a phrase I’ve borrowed from my fabulous colleague, Dr. Jill Crista. We know the nasopharyngeal tissues are harbingers of viruses and many bacteria and irrigating these tissues with saline can help to cleanse, dilute, flush out viruses and bacteria that might be causing problems. In exploring if simple nasal saline might help to correct Vincent James’ snoring, I was excited to come across a 2021 double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in JAMA Pediatrics, which compared the effects nasal steroid, mometasone furoate, (similar to what was recommended for my son) to saline spray (which his ENT said we could try but “probably won’t work”) for sleep disordered breathing. I like a challenge, and I am pleased to share that after 3 weeks with saline, xylitol and propolis nasal spray, Vincent James’ snoring, which he’s had since infancy has fully resolved, which is consistent with the findings of this study, known as the MIST trial (1). We have used nasal saline spray on and off for Vincent James in the past, for a week or two at a time, but never twice daily for beyond three weeks, the benefit seems to be with time. Patience is key with this approach. I also had Vincent James using two other nasal sprays including, povidone iodine nasal spray and cromoglicic acid (aka NasoCrom), that I will discuss in more detail below, but first the unsurprising, but awesome findings from the MIST trial findings… 

The Unsurprising and Amazing MIST Trial

The MIST trial, conducted as a multicenter effort, enrolled 276 children aged 3 to 12 years who exhibited significant SDB symptoms. The trial's primary aim was to determine whether intranasal mometasone furoate, a corticosteroid, proved more effective than intranasal saline in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life in these children. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either mometasone furoate (50 μg) or saline (0.9%), with one spray per nostril daily for a duration of 6 weeks. The study's primary outcome measure was the resolution of significant sleep disordered breathing symptoms (SDB), as reported by parents using the SDB Score (1).

Key Findings and Implications: Nasal Saline for the Win! 

The results of the MIST trial revealed a striking similarity in treatment effects between the mometasone and saline groups. Both nasal sprays demonstrated a resolution of symptoms in approximately 41-44% of participants, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (1). 

This finding challenges the notion that intranasal corticosteroids might have a superior impact on SDB symptoms compared to saline. Importantly, it suggests that primary care settings could consider a first-line treatment approach with intranasal saline, potentially sparing almost half of children with SDB from the need for specialist referrals (1).

Adverse Effects and Considerations

As with any intervention, the trial observed some adverse effects. Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurred in 9.7% of the mometasone group and 15% of the saline group. Nasal itch/irritation affected 9.7% and 18% of the mometasone and saline groups, respectively (1). These adverse effects, while present, did not significantly sway the overall findings of the trial. The relatively comparable rates between the two groups underscore the importance of weighing benefits against potential drawbacks in the pursuit of effective and tolerable interventions for pediatric SDB (1).

The saline spray we are using for Vincent James additionally contains xylitol, which moistens and soothes the nasal mucosal walls, helping to prevent the tissues from becoming irritated and helps to prevent the bacteria to adhering. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of xylitol saline nasal spray over saline nasal spray in chronic sinus irritation (10).

The MIST Trial is Helping to Flip the Script

In conclusion, the MIST trial challenges existing paradigms in the treatment of SDB in children. It’s helping conventional medicine flip the script towards nasal irrigation, which has long been used in traditional and naturopathic medicine. Additionally, it helps us understand duration of use is also important. The comparable efficacy of intranasal saline to mometasone furoate opens up new possibilities for managing SDB symptoms in primary care settings. This study invites a reevaluation of current guidelines, suggesting that almost half of children with SDB could find resolution without the immediate need for specialist referrals (1). The MIST trial stands as a beacon, urging healthcare providers to reconsider and refine their approaches to sleep-disordered breathing in the youngest members of our communities.

Additional Nasal Sprays: Povidone Iodine and Cromoglicic Acid 

Povidone Iodine Nasal Spray 

Given the likelihood of bacterial biofilms, I decided to incorporate povidone-iodine (PVP-I) nasal spray once per day. PVP-I long been studied and utilized as a biofilm disruptor, meaning it helps break through the film of overgrown bacteria that can coat the tissues. Also, unsurprisingly a recent 2023 invitro (lab) study by Hale and colleagues found that, Nasodine, an iodine-based nasal spray, exhibited a remarkable ability to nearly eliminate bacterial biofilms within 6 hours of exposure, suggesting its potential utility in chronic sinus inflammation (4).

Additionally, several studies have demonstrated povidone iodine spray’s ability to reduce viral load in the nasal sprays and we know that viral load is very much a factor in how much mucosal inflammation will develop in the nose and throat (3, 11).

Povidone Iodine Nasal Spray Adverse Effects and Considerations

I have personally hopped on the povidone iodine nasal spray bandwagon cautiously and I am still a cautious passenger. Similar to saline spray, there is a risk for nasal irritation and nose bleeds with regular povidone iodine nasal sprays, but beyond this, my caution, despite all its amazing benefits, including as a biofilm buster, is the well-known risk of chronic iodine, even at lower doses, to create oxidative stress in the thyroid, as I discussed in this previous blog post. Additionally, there is a dearth of studies on the impact of consistent and prolonged use of povidone-iodine on thyroid function. While overt hypothyroidism was reported in an elderly individual gargling a high potency 7% povidone-iodine daily for over 10 years, smaller cohort studies noted mild TSH increases after 6 months of daily povidone-iodine mouth rinse and in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (8). In SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, TSH levels rose in approximately 40% of those using povidone-iodine for 5 days, normalizing 7–12 days later, with no significant changes in T3 and T4 levels (8). The potential predisposition of individuals with subclinical thyroid disease to hormonal changes and the necessity of thyroid disease screening before regular povidone-iodine application remain uncertain. Despite these concerns, I became cautiously more comfortable, including with my own son, after reading Quek and colleagues 2022 study findings on the DORM trial: Stable thyroid function despite regular use of povidone-iodine throat spray for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis (8).

DORM Trial Findings and Study Limitations

This study examined the effects of prolonged povidone-iodine throat spray use on thyroid function in men participating in the DORM trial. The findings showed no significant differences in thyroid indices between those using povidone-iodine and controls, suggesting the absence of thyroid dysfunction in individuals with normal or subclinical thyroid function. The study implied that povidone-iodine might be safe for individuals with subclinical thyroid disease, potentially obviating the need for routine screening before application. However, it's important to note that the study included relatively young and healthy men, and did not involve older individuals or those with symptomatic thyroid disease. Additionally, direct measurements of circulatory iodine levels were not conducted, and the study focused on a specific demographic, limiting the generalizability of the findings.

Cromoglicic Acid Nasal Spray

Even though we are uncertain Vincent James is dealing with allergies, while were awaiting work up with his allergist, we decided to also use cromoglicic acid nasal spray (aka NasoCrom) twice daily. Why?

Breathing Easy: The Power of Cromoglicic Acid for Respiratory Health

Derived from khellin plants, cromoglicic acid boasts anti-inflammatory properties, making it a key component in managing disordered breathing. Commonly found in nasal sprays like NasoCrom, it stabilizes mast cells, reducing histamine release and alleviating symptoms associated with allergies and respiratory conditions. Importantly, it comes with minimal side effects, reinforcing its reputation as a safe and efficient option for respiratory well-being (7).

Despite its efficacy, cromoglicic acid is not as widely utilized as steroid nasal sprays like fluticasone (Flonase). Steroids are preferred for their more potent anti-inflammatory effects, providing quicker relief for symptoms. Additionally, steroid nasal sprays often require less frequent dosing, contributing to their popularity among healthcare providers and patients. However, cromoglicic acid remains a valuable alternative, particularly for individuals who may have specific health concerns or sensitivities necessitating non-steroidal options AND also for those of use who are rightly concerned about the many concerning side effects associated with long-term steroid usage - especially in children.

Conclusion: From Unsurprising Findings to Personal Triumph 

In the realm of pediatric health, where every parent seeks answers that address the root causes of their child's ailments, the journey from snoring to silence became a profound learning experience. The MIST trial, challenging conventional norms, illuminated the efficacy of intranasal saline in treating sleep-disordered breathing in children. Beyond this revelation, a personalized exploration of biofilm disruption and careful consideration of environmental factors brought forth innovative solutions. The cautious incorporation of povidone-iodine nasal spray, despite its thyroid-related concerns, mirrored a balance between groundbreaking findings and the need for further study. As we continue to refine our approaches to childhood sleep apnea, this journey becomes not just a personal one but a beacon urging healthcare providers to reevaluate and redefine their strategies, ultimately offering hope to parents navigating similar paths.

 References

  1. Baker A, Grobler A, Davies K, Griffiths A, Hiscock H, Kubba H, Peters RL, Ranganathan S, Rimmer J, Rose E, Rowe K, Simpson CM, Davidson A, Nixon G, Perrett KP. Effectiveness of Intranasal Mometasone Furoate vs Saline for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Mar 1;177(3):240-247. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5258. PMID: 36648937; PMCID: PMC9857783.
  2. Coscia A, Bardanzellu F, Caboni E, Fanos V, Peroni DG. When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota. Life (Basel). 2021 Feb 16;11(2):148. doi: 10.3390/life11020148. PMID: 33669262; PMCID: PMC7920069.
  3. Guenezan J, Garcia M, Strasters D, Jousselin C, Lévêque N, Frasca D, Mimoz O. Povidone Iodine Mouthwash, Gargle, and Nasal Spray to Reduce Nasopharyngeal Viral Load in Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Apr 1;147(4):400-401. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.5490. PMID: 33538761; PMCID: PMC7863011
  4. Hale SJM, Lux CA, Kim R, Biswas K, Tucker S, Friedland P, Mackenzie BW, Douglas RG. In vitro Nasodine Can be an Effective Antibiofilm Agent for Biofilms that May Cause CRS. Laryngoscope. 2023 Oct;133(10):2490-2495. doi: 10.1002/lary.30558. Epub 2023 Jan 16. PMID: 36644968.
  5. Kuhle S, Hoffmann DU, Mitra S, Urschitz MS. Anti-inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 17;1(1):CD007074. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007074.pub3. PMID: 31978261; PMCID: PMC6984442.
  6. Marcus CL, Moore RH, Rosen CL, Giordani B, Garetz SL, Taylor HG, Mitchell RB, Amin R, Katz ES, Arens R, Paruthi S, Muzumdar H, Gozal D, Thomas NH, Ware J, Beebe D, Snyder K, Elden L, Sprecher RC, Willging P, Jones D, Bent JP, Hoban T, Chervin RD, Ellenberg SS, Redline S; Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT). A randomized trial of adenotonsillectomy for childhood sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 20;368(25):2366-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215881. Epub 2013 May 21. PMID: 23692173; PMCID: PMC3756808.
  7. Minutello K, Gupta V. Cromolyn Sodium. [Updated 2023 Jan 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557473/
  8. Quek AML, Ng MY, Teng O, Lim NA, Ng GJL, Yang SP, Hartman M, Tambyah PA, Cook AR, Seet RCS. Stable thyroid function despite regular use of povidone-iodine throat spray for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):3299-3305. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2108132. PMID: 36399104; PMCID: PMC9677975.
  9. Torretta S, Drago L, Marchisio P, Ibba T, Pignataro L. Role of Biofilms in Children with Chronic Adenoiditis and Middle Ear Disease. J Clin Med. 2019 May 13;8(5):671. doi: 10.3390/jcm8050671. PMID: 31086039; PMCID: PMC6571864.
  10. Weissman JD, Fernandez F, Hwang PH. Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. Laryngoscope. 2011 Nov;121(11):2468-72. doi: 10.1002/lary.22176. Epub 2011 Oct 12. Erratum in: Laryngoscope. 2012 Nov;122(11):2611. PMID: 21994147.
  11. Zarabanda D, Vukkadala N, Phillips KM, Qian ZJ, Mfuh KO, Hatter MJ, Lee IT, Rao VK, Hwang PH, Domb G, Patel ZM, Pinsky BA, Nayak JV. The Effect of Povidone-Iodine Nasal Spray on Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load: A Randomized Control Trial. Laryngoscope. 2022 Nov;132(11):2089-2095. doi: 10.1002/lary.29935. Epic 2021 Nov 9. PMID: 34724213; PMCID: PMC8662040.

    Contact Us!

    15 + 15 =

    Contact Us!

    1 + 15 =

    [UPDATED 2/5/24] Unlocking the Mystery: How a Newly Discovered Autoantibody Sheds Light on Chronic Fatigue and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

    [UPDATED 2/5/24] Unlocking the Mystery: How a Newly Discovered Autoantibody Sheds Light on Chronic Fatigue and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

    by | Sep 20, 2023 | Endocrine/Hormone Health, Prevention

    Unrelenting fatigue in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, despite “normal” thyroid functions tests is an extremely common complaint in my patient population, many of whom have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating condition characterized by severe, unexplained fatigue that lasts for at least six months and is not improved by rest. It often comes with a myriad of other symptoms, including muscle pain, cognitive difficulties, and sleep disturbances. Despite its significant impact on the lives of those affected, CFS remains poorly understood and effective treatments are limited. However, recent research has shed light on a potential link between CFS, selenium, and thyroid hormones, opening new avenues for understanding and managing this enigmatic condition.

    Yet Another Antibody that Affects Thyroid Function

    I recently came across some research by Sun and colleagues that sheds light on why the fatigue for CFS patients with Hashimoto’s might be unrelenting. Interestingly, in 2021 Sun’s research group discovered a new autoantibody that affects thyroid function. Their research verified their hypotheses that the body has natural autoantibodies to the selenium transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in thyroid patients which impair selenium transport and thus negatively affect glutathione production in the thyroid, which is so essential to help protect the thyroid from the oxidative stress that occurs in the thyroid with thyroid hormone production. Their most recent research from 2023 unveiled a fascinating connection between CFS and selenium in the form of autoantibodies targeting selenoprotein P (SELENOP-aAb). [CORRECTION] They discovered that there is a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome with autoantibodies to selenoprotein P (SELENOP-aAb) which hinders normal transport of selenium to target tissues and causes reduced selenoprotein expression [in my originally blog I misstated that these patients not also had Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which the article does indicate - there was no mention if they screened or excluded participants with Hashimoto's]. This disruption had far-reaching consequences on the health of CFS patients.

    Selenium Connection

    To understand their findings, we need to understand the connection of selenium to thyroid function. Selenium is a trace element that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the body. It is an essential component of selenoproteins, a family of proteins that function as antioxidants and help regulate the immune system and thyroid hormones. Selenium helps to protect the thyroid from oxidative stress that occurs normally during thyroid hormone production. If selenium isn't able to be properly transported, oxidative stress and tissue damage ensues and thyroid (and body) cannot function optimally.

    Thyroid Hormones and the Impact on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

    To fully grasp the implications of SELENOP-aAb in CFS, researchers examined the interplay between selenium, selenoproteins, and thyroid hormones (TH). The thyroid gland produces TH, essential for regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall health. Thyroid hormones come in two primary forms: T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine). T3 is an active thyroid hormone that has metabolic effects in our body and derives from T4 (inactive thyroid hormone) through a process known as deiodination 1 (DIO1) and deiodination 2 (DIO2). DIO1 occurs mostly in the thyroid, but also in the liver and kidneys, whereas DI02 activity has been detected in areas of the brain (pituitary and hypothalamus), ear (cochlea), brown adipose tissue, bones, muscles, heart, and central nervous system. The T3 produced by DIO2 in these peripheral tissues persists longer in the body for reasons that are not yet fully understood. We also have DIO3 which helps to protect fetal tissues and adult brains (central nervous system) from excessive TH production by converting T4 to inactive reverse T3 (rT3) and T3 to inactive 3,3’-diiodothyronine (T2).

    Sun et al introduced two indices to evaluate thyroid gland activity and peripheral deiodination: the SPINA GT index (secretory capacity of the thyroid gland, indicates DIO1 activity) and the SPINA GD index (total deiodination activity, indicates peripheral tissue DIO2 activity). These indices offer valuable insights into how SELENOP-aAb impacted TH metabolism. Patients with SELENOP-aAb displayed lower SPINA GD values, indicating reduced TH activation as well as lower active thyroid hormone (fT3) levels and higher levels of inactive thyroid hormone (rT3). Furthermore, their 24-hour urinary iodine concentrations were significantly lower, pointing to suppressed TH deiodination. This collective evidence suggested that SELENOP-aAb disrupted regular selenium supply to target tissues, resulting in reduced selenoprotein expression, elevated oxidative stress, and impaired TH activation.

    Sun et al’s 2023 study is frankly one of the most useful studies on thyroid function that I’ve come across. It sheds so much light onto several different and previously perplexing aspects of thyroid health. Clinically, I tend to recommend 24-hour urine iodine testing to my hypothyroid patients who upon dietary review have a low iodine diet. However, this study helps us understand that iodine levels can be low in patients even with adequate dietary intake because of the SELENOP antibodies making it so iodine cannot be freed from the tissue. Thus, 24-hour urinary iodine might be a helpful test for all patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and if low in a patient with normal iodine consumption, may point towards SELENOP-aABs. Their findings also help to explain why supplementing with high dose iodine in patients with Hashimoto’s can go south for some patients. I’ve never had clinical success with this approach – iodine is very oxidizing to thyroid tissues, especially in the context of low selenium, and there is even more oxidative stress with SELENOP-aABs which creates a functional iodine deficiency. Iodine is like fuel to the fire in this situation. Furthermore, their study helps us better understand why selenium supplement is vital for patients with Hashimoto’s but is not a cure-all in this situation. Other studies have demonstrated that selenium supplementation helps to improve thyroid function and lower thyroid antibodies in patients with Hashimoto’s for several months but without significant improvements after this. Repletion of selenium helps to counter the oxidative stress from SELENOP-aAB, but may not resolve the SELENOP-aABs, this research hasn’t yet been done. Deficiencies of selenium and iodine we may see with SELENOP-aABs appear to be functional and related to these autoantibodies. Finally, this study helps us to better understand why some patients do so much better while on active thyroid replacement than others, particularly those with chronic fatigue syndrome, as their peripheral conversion of inactive (T4) to active thyroid (fT3) is impaired by SELENOP-aAB lending to more brain fog and bodily fatigue.

    Implications and Future Directions

    The discovery of SELENOP-aAb in a subset of CFS patients opens a promising avenue for understanding and managing this perplexing condition. It suggests that CFS may have an autoimmune component that affects selenium transport and thyroid hormone metabolism, leading to characteristic symptoms of fatigue, pain, and cognitive dysfunction. While naturopathic doctors have long appreciated the nuances of thyroid function in different patients, and that a personalized approach is needed, we didn’t understand all the whys. I was excited to see if SELENO-Abs and SPINA GD discussed in Sun et al’s study, were available through standard commercial medical labs, sadly they are not yet available. I expectantly await additional research with larger study groups and more longitudinal studies that will hopefully pave the way for additional commercially available tests that can help clinicians better understand the nuances of thyroid function in individual patients and more targeted approaches to underlying immune dysfunction.

    An Aside - Bio-Energetic Testing!

    As an aside, while I was writing this blog this week, another interesting study on chronic fatigue syndrome came across my newsfeed on a blood-cell based diagnostic test for chronic fatigue syndrome that appears to have extremely high accuracy.

    These results demonstrate that Raman profiles of blood cells can distinguish between healthy individuals, disease controls, and ME/CFS patients with high accuracy (91%), and can further differentiate between mild, moderate, and severe ME/CFS patients (84%).

    Given that so many patients with CFS go through the ringer prior to getting a diagnosis, often being told their symptoms are “all in their head”, obtaining access to an accurate diagnostic test would be a game changer for these patients. The method of testing, called single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS), measures the vibrations of the cell providing a type of energetic fingerprinting of all the biomolecules in the cell. Vibrational energy is being found to help identify imbalances at a cellular level - amazing, right?! Different types of bio-energetic testing and balancing machines (ie EKG, heart rate variability, TENS, etc) have been available for some time, but this is the first time I’ve seen such technology aid in diagnosis so specifically and at a cellular level. As energetic beings, it makes so much sense that medical research is beginning to look at energetic vibrations to provide additional insights on underlying cell function and aid in the diagnosis, monitoring and potentially treatment of disease.

     

     

    Dr. Sarah Giardenelli is a naturopathic doctor, herbalist, acupuncturist and the owner of Collective Health Center in Leesburg, Virginia. She loves diving into the medical literature in order to help patients get to the root causes of their troubling health conditions and getting them back with their health. She is grateful to all of the researchers who do the hard work that helps clinicians do better.

    Contact Us!

    12 + 11 =

    Contact Us!

    10 + 14 =

    Reverse Aging: Reanimating and Slaying Zombie Cells Naturally

    Reverse Aging: Reanimating and Slaying Zombie Cells Naturally

    by | Aug 28, 2023 | Brain Health, Healthy Aging, Herbal Medicine, Prevention

    Time goes by so quickly, in a blink really! I felt this so much last week as my son, Vincent James, started his first day of second grade! We may feel like we are in a time warp, our cells don’t and as time marches on, our cells undergo a complex series of changes that lead to decreased functionality and increased vulnerability to diseases. One of the key players in this process is cellular senescence, a state in which cells lose their ability to divide and function properly, contributing to chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Yes, time marches on and various stressors contribute to the aging process, however, one of the things that I get excited to see is the important role that lifestyle and natural medicine have in combating healing our bodies at a cellular level and helping to slow this aging-process, helping us to age well! Cellular senescence is one of the many topics I had the privilege  of learning more about this past spring at Medicines from the Earth in Ashville, North Carolina with the amazing naturopathic doctor and herbalist, Dr. Mary Bove. She shared some of the recent scientific research that have unveiled natural compounds, such as quercetin and fisetin, as powerful senotherapies capable of rejuvenating senescent cells and promoting healthier aging. She also discussed the so-called ‘hit-and-run’ dosing that seems to make these senolytics most effective. Hit and run dosing = less supplements to support well-aging. Interested to learn more, read on!

    The Underlying Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence & Zombie Cells

    Cellular senescence is a double-edged sword. While it serves as a protective mechanism against cancer by halting the growth of damaged cells, it also contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue deterioration. Senescent cells accumulate over time due to various factors including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and telomere shortening. These cells enter a state of persistent inflammation and release harmful molecules that can negatively impact neighboring cells and tissues, creating what is often referred to as the "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP). Because they are not yet dead, but not functional, and create havoc in the body, these senescent cells are also know as zombie cells.

    Reanimating versus Slaying Zombies

    SASP inhibitors (senomorphics) and senolytics are both approaches aimed at addressing aging-related cellular changes, but they work in different ways. Senomorphic agents morph the signals coming from the zombie cells, while senolytic agents directly target and eliminate these problematic aging cells. SASP inhibitors can be thought of agents that help to turn back zombie cells into healthy cells, like in science fiction zombies being reversed or reanimated back into healthy humans, whereas senolytic agents are the zombie slayers in this analogy. Another difference between SASP inhibitors and senolytics is related to how these agents are dosed. Daily dosing seems best for SASP inhibitors, while senolytic agents appear to work best with intermittent or ‘hit-and-run’ dosing.

    Hit & Run Dosing

    I know, know, zombie cells and ‘hit-and-run’ dosing, what is going on! While I didn’t come up with these terms, I cannot deny they are catchy and on-point. I was particularly excited to learn about how hit and run dosing seems to make these senolytic agents most effective. Hit and run dosing is exactly what it sounds like, using a higher dose of these agents for just a few days and repeating for at least several months in a row. I am always excited to learn about health supportive strategies that are relatively easy to implement and involve less pills!

    Slaying the Zombie Cells with Lifestyle & Botanical Agents, Quercetin and Fisetin

    Foundational lifestyle measures are pivotal for maintaining cellular health and combating cellular senescence. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress reduction, and other healthy practices play a crucial role. Intermittent fasting has garnered attention for its potential impact on cellular rejuvenation. By cycling between eating and fasting periods, intermittent fasting stimulates processes like autophagy, aiding in the removal of damaged cells. This approach shows promise in reducing the presence of senescent cells and supporting prolonged cellular vitality. Two natural compounds that have garnered significant attention as helping to improve cellular heath are quercetin and fisetin, through their actions as both SASP inhibitors and senolytics.

    Quercetin

    We’ve heard a ton about quercetin in recent years because of its immune supportive and anti-viral benefits. Quercetin is a plant compound called a flavonoid found abundantly in fruits and vegetables and some medicinal herbs (ie elderberry syrup and green tea), quercetin has been extensively studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent research has highlighted its potential as a senolytic agent. By interfering with pathways that promote cell survival in senescent cells, quercetin helps induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in these cells. This remarkable action contributes to the removal of senescent cells from tissues, reducing inflammation and potentially delaying age-related diseases.

    Fisetin

    Another flavonoid and senolytic agent, found to help our bodies as well , not as well know by the general public is fisetin, found in foods like strawberries, apples, grapes, onions, cucumbers, and in higher amounts in the many trees such as various Morus species (Mulberry leaf), Cotinus coggygria (Smoke Tree) and Rhus succedanea fruit wax (the fruit of a sumac tree native to Japan). The fruit of North American species of sumac also contains fisetin, but have not been as well studied - yet. Fisetin, through its ability to modulate the senescence signaling pathways research suggests it can help our cellular ‘powerhouses’ or mitochondria function despite stress, combats aging in brain clean-up cells called microglia by increasing the production of the important antioxidant called glutathione and thus decreasing inflammation. All these actions work together to slow down age related changes in our aging bodies and brains!

    The effects of quercetin and fisetin as senolytics are profound. Not only do these natural compounds aid in the elimination of senescent cells, but they also exhibit the potential to rejuvenate surrounding cells and tissues. As senescent cells are cleared away, inflammation decreases, and the tissue microenvironment becomes more conducive to healthy cellular function. What I find so exciting is that when dosed regularly in lower doses quercetin and fisetin can help to manage inflammation and cellular damage, but at when dosed intermittently and in higher doses the so called ‘hit-and-run’ dosing they act as senolytics, slaying the zombie cells that contribute to our aging.

    Beyond Cellular Senescence

    The implications of quercetin, fisetin and other botanical senolytics (ie gingerenone A from ginger and piperlongumine from black pepper) extend beyond their senolytic properties. Those of you who have worked with me for years, likely already know how much I appreciate natural therapeutics that are “multi-fers”, a term I’ve lovingly coined for natural agents that have multiple health promoting properties. I’ve long appreciated quercetin for being one of these agents. Both quercetin and fisetin have been studied for their potential in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer and research on botanically derived senotherapeutics is on the horizon. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions may contribute to overall wellness and longevity.

    Conclusion

    The discovery of natural senolytics such as quercetin and fisetin represents an important advancement in the field of aging research. By targeting and removing senescent cells, these compounds offer a unique opportunity to rejuvenate aging tissues and potentially delay the onset of age-related diseases and are with a relatively low side-effect profile compared to the pharmaceutically based senolytics. The potential for healthier aging through a well-aging lifestyle and the application of these natural therapeutics is good news for those of us who want to both optimize our health and age as well as we can.

     Dr. Sarah Giardenelli is a naturopathic doctor, acupuncturist, herbalist, owner of Collective Health Center. She is passionate about optimizing patients’ health, including strategies to age well. If you are interested in aging-well with lifestyle, natural medicine, and personalized supplements, including senotheropeutic and senolytic agents, please feel free to schedule or reach out to her office.

    References

    Bove, Mary. Sencescene, Senolytics, and Aging. Medicines from the Earth Herb Symposium Conference Proceeding Notes, 2023. https://www.botanicalmedicine.org/

    Chaib S, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic. Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1556-1568. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01923-y. Epub 2022 Aug 11. PMID: 35953721; PMCID: PMC9599677.

    Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Gao Z, Zhang S, Shi P, Zhang X, Song L, Hendrickson H, Zhou D, Zheng G. Senolytic activity of piperlongumine analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem. 2018 Aug 7;26(14):3925-3938. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.013. Epub 2018 Jun 18. PMID: 29925484; PMCID: PMC6087492.

    Moaddel R, Rossi M, Rodriguez S, Munk R, Khadeer M, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M, Ferrucci L. Identification of gingerenone A as a novel senolytic compound. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 29;17(3):e0266135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266135. PMID: 35349590; PMCID: PMC8963586.

    Rayne S, Mazza G. Biological activities of extracts from sumac (Rhus spp.): a review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2007 Dec;62(4):165-75. doi: 10.1007/s11130-007-0058-4. Epub 2007 Oct 2. PMID: 17909971.

    Tsurudome N, Minami Y, Kajiya K. Fisetin, a major component derived from mulberry (Morus australis Poir.) leaves, prevents vascular abnormal contraction. Biofactors. 2022 Jan;48(1):56-66. doi: 10.1002/biof.1798. Epub 2021 Oct 23. PMID: 34687255; PMCID: PMC9298084.

    Contact Us!

    4 + 5 =

    Breathing Easy: A Guide to Choosing Air Purifiers for a Healthier Home

    Breathing Easy: A Guide to Choosing Air Purifiers for a Healthier Home

    by | Jul 20, 2023 | Cardiovascular Health, Environmental Health, Naturopathic Medicine, Prevention, Respiratory Health

    Weeks of on and off haze here in Northern Virginia have underscored the importance of clean air for everyone. While air purifiers serve as lifelines during hazardous pollution days, they are also effective in addressing common health concerns such as harmful gases, mold, pollen, dust, bacteria, and viruses. While it is unusual for us in Northern Virginia to experience air quality issues related to wildfires, it is not unlikely to be our last go around with this scenario. Most toxicity from our environment comes from what we breath. According to the National Institutes of Health, an estimated 60% of the health problems caused by environmental factors are due to long-term exposure to urban air pollution. Air purifiers are one proactive way to prevent poor indoor air quality, while optimizing your respiratory, cardiovascular, and cognitive health. If you’ve been procrastinating purchasing an air purifier, I urge you to take some action on this today.

    Choosing the right air purifier involves three key steps: determining what you want to remove from your air, assessing the area you want to clean and the desired frequency, and considering the associated costs.

    Step One: What do you want removed from your air?

    Air purifiers employ different technologies to tackle particulates, gases, or both. Assess the issues you face, whether it's dust, smoke, mold, or chemical odors from paint, off gassing carpets, or car exhaust. The market offers a wide variety of air purifiers, making it crucial to explore all the available options to determine the best fit for your family's needs.

    HEPA Air Filters

    Advantages: HEPA, short for High-Efficiency Particulate Air, meets strict Department of Energy requirements by removing approximately 99% of airborne particulates larger than 0.3 microns. It effectively filters out mold spores, dust, pollen, pet dander, and flame retardants. For these pollutants, HEPA filters are a suitable choice. However, they might not effectively capture viruses, which are smaller than bacteria.

    Disadvantages: HEPA filters may not be efficient in trapping gases, fumes, chemicals, or odors or the lung damaging ultrafine particulate. For comprehensive filtration of these pollutants, a disinfecting filtration system is a better option.

    Activated Carbon

    Advantages: Also known as activated charcoal, activated carbon is highly effective in adsorbing gases and fumes like formaldehyde and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). It efficiently removes odors from the air, providing a fresher environment.

    Disadvantages: Activated carbon filters do not remove particles or germs from indoor air. For comprehensive air purification, a combination system is necessary.

    Disinfecting Filtration System

    Advantages: The disinfecting filtration system is the most powerful on the market, surpassing HEPA technology by around 40 times in efficiency. It can effectively eliminate particles as tiny as .007 microns, including airborne viruses, molds, and bacteria.

    Disadvantages: While highly effective, this system can be costly due to its advanced capabilities. However, the benefits justify the investment in cleaner and healthier air.

    UV Filters (Ultra-Violet Filters)

    Advantages: UV filters have the capability to eliminate bacteria and viruses by employing UV lights for sterilization.

    Disadvantages: UV filters are inadequate for removing large particles like HEPA filters or gases and chemicals like formaldehyde, which can be effectively handled by activated carbon filters.

    Ionic Filters

    Advantages: Ionic filters release negatively charged ions to electrify dust and dander, making the particles attracted to a positively charged collection plate inside the machine.

    Disadvantages: Ionic filters may not be effective as the particles can stick to walls, tabletops, and screens. Additionally, they do not absorb VOCs like formaldehyde, and the introduction of ozone into the home can interact with VOCs to create smog, so I do not recommend these.

    Ozone Filters

    Advantages: Ozone filters use electrostatic plates and ozone to remove odors and freshen the air.

    Disadvantages: Ozone filters are hazardous and pose risks to humans and small pets. Even the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cautions against their use, making them unsuitable for anyone, so I do not recommend these.

    Step Two: How finely do you need to filter particles?

    Particulate matter, also known as particulates, is a major concern with wildfire smoke and a key factor in determining air quality. While larger particles can be seen and are easier to remove due to gravity, fine and ultrafine particles, constituting up to 90% of the story, pose a different challenge. These ultrafine particles can penetrate deep into our lungs and even travel through the bloodstream. Understanding the sizes of specific particulates, such as pollen, mold, bacteria, and viruses, helps determine the level of filtration required.

    • Mold Spores: Typically range from 1 to 100 micrometers in size.
    • Mycotoxins: Mycotoxins are produced by certain molds and are much smaller, usually less than 1 micrometer.
    • Viruses: Vary in size but can be as small as 0.02 micrometers.
    • Bacteria: Usually between 0.5 to 5 micrometers in size.
    • Coarser Particulate Matter (PM10): Particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller.
    • Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): Particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller.
    • Ultrafine Particulate Matter: Particles with a diameter of 0.1 micrometers or smaller.

     Ultrafine particulate matter comes from various sources, including combustion processes (e.g., vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions), wildfires, cooking, and certain indoor activities like smoking or using candles. These particles are so tiny that they can remain suspended in the air for longer periods and can penetrate deep into the respiratory system when inhaled, potentially causing health issues. 

    Step Three: Evaluating cleaning capacity and costs

    Consider the area you need to clean, factoring in both square footage and ceiling height. Understanding the volume of air in the room is crucial for selecting an appropriately sized air purifier. Additionally, assess the air exchange rate, or how often you want the air completely changed, particularly for asthma and allergy relief. It is generally recommended to achieve three to four air changes per hour.

    It's important to note that air quality measurements, such as PM2.5, which quantifies fine and ultrafine particles, can vary across different sites. Consulting multiple sources, AQICN.org, AirNow.gov, PurpleAir, and IQAir, provides a more comprehensive understanding of outdoor air quality.

    Cost considerations include the initial purchase price, ongoing power consumption, and filter replacement costs. HEPA units typically range from $200 to $900, with additional expenses for specialized units. Filter replacements costs vary depending on usage, fan speeds, and air quality, averaging between about $70 and $175 per year.

    Wirecutter provides a thorough review of air filters that they’ve independently tested for quality, several which are excellent. Top of their list for several years running is the well-engineered Coway Airmega AP-1512HH Mighty, which is a more affordable option than some of the specialized units.

    However, given my practice where many of the patients I see have compromised health, aggravated by mold, mycotoxins, and other allergens and ultrafine particulates, I’ve considered the following specialized, high quality air purifiers:

    Excellent at filtering out ultrafine particles:

    • Intellipure (down to 0.007, has a unique Disinfecting Filtration System, which I appreciate especially for my patients with mold and mycotoxin illness)
    • IQAir (down to 0.003 microns)
    • AirDoctor (down to 0.003 microns)

    Excellent at filtering out VOCs – due to heavy carbon filters:

    • AirPura (18 pounds of carbon)
    • AustinAir (15 pounds of carbon)
    • IQAir GC MultiGas (12 pounds of carbon)
    • IQAir Heath Pro Plus (5 points of carbon)

    Clean air is a vital aspect of our well-being, especially during periods of heightened air pollution from wildfires. By selecting the right air purifier tailored to your needs, you can effectively address indoor air quality concerns. Don't delay in taking action to protect yourself and your loved ones. With the challenges posed by recurring smoke, prioritize proactive measures and embrace cleaner air for a healthier home. 

    Meet Dr. Sarah Giardenelli, an experienced naturopathic doctor and acupuncturist in Leesburg, Virginia, with a specialization in environmental health. With her guidance, you can learn how to optimize both your indoor and internal environment, safeguarding yourself from air pollution. Take a breath of fresh air today and embark on a new journey towards better health! Let's create a cleaner and healthier living environment together.

    Contact Us!

    7 + 6 =